Lord Henry Thomas
Molyneux-Howard was a descendant of the Norfolk Howards.
The Howard Family from
Norfolk was one of Aristocracy. Wiithin
our Isaacson family, the Howards feature as the daughter of Lord Thomas Howard,
our 16th great uncle and his wife Elizabeth Stafford, was Mary
Howard, who married King Henry VIII’s illegitimate son Henry FitzRoy in 1533.
In 1547, King Henry ordered the beheading of her brother Henry Howard.
He was the son of
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and when his father became Duke of Norfolk (1524)
the son adopted the courtesy title of Earl of Surrey. Owing largely to the
powerful position of his father, Surrey took the prominent part in the Court
life of the time, and served as a soldier both in France and Scotland. He was a
man of reckless temper, which involved him in many quarrels, and finally
brought upon him the wrath of aging and embittered Henry VIII. He was arrested,
tried for treason and beheaded on Tower Hill.
Henry Howard who married
Charlotte Long is a direct descendant of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, through
the marriage of Elizabeth Long to Lord Henry Thomas Molyneux Howard, Deputy
Marshall.
On 12
September 1801 Howard-Molyneux-Howard married Elizabeth Long, daughter of Edward Long (1734-1813), a British colonial administrator, historian
and author of The History of Jamaica, by whom he had one son and
four daughters:
- Henry Howard (25 July 1802 – 7 January 1875).
- Henrietta Anna
Molyneux-Howard (17 July 1804 – 26 May 1876), wife of Henry Herbert, 3rd Earl of
Carnarvon and
had issue.
- Isabella Catherine Mary
Howard (29 September 1806 – 20 June 1891), wife of Charles Howard, 17th Earl of
Suffolk and
had issue.
- Charlotte Juliana Jane
Howard (February 1809 – 15 December 1855), wife of James Wentworth Buller and mother of General
Sir Redvers Henry Buller (1839-1908), V.C.
- Juliana Barbara Howard (31
March 1812 – 27 December 1833), wife of Sir John Ogilvy, 9th Baronet and had issue.
1. Henry Howard married his
cousin Charlotte Caroline Georgina Long.
Henry Howard (25 July 1802 – 7 January 1875)
was a British Member of Parliament, the eldest son of Lord Henry
Howard-Molyneux-Howard.
Howard
inherited Greystoke Castle from his father in 1824. He represented
the constituencies of Steyning from 30 June 1824 to 8 June 1826 and New
Shoreham from 16 June 1826 to 15 December 1832. ]Howard was
also a first-class cricketer, making three first-class appearances,
one each for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1830, for a team of
single men in 1831, and for Sussex in 1832. His grandson, Mervyn
Herbert, was also a first-class cricketer.
He was also
the High Sheriff of Cumberland in 1834.
Howard married
Charlotte Caroline Georgina Long, daughter of Henry Lawes Long
and Catharine Long of Hampton Lodge, Surrey, on 6 December 1849, by
whom he had:
1.
Henry Charles Howard (1850–1914), m Mabel Harriet
McDonnell
2. Sir Edward Stafford
Howard (1851–1916), m Rachael Ann Georgina Campbell and Catherine Stepney
3. Robert Mowbray Howard (23 May 1854 –
2 October 1928), m Louisa Georgina Syned, Audrey Cecelia Campbell, Louisa
Felicia Welby
4. Elizabeth Catherine Howard (29 March
1856 – 1 February 1929), married her first cousin Henry Herbert, 4th Earl
of Carnarvon and had issue including Aubrey Herbert whose daughter Laura
became the second wife of writer Evelyn Waugh[1].
5. Maud Isabel Howard (26 May 1858 – 12
November 1929), married Francis William Leyborne Popham, of Littlecote
House.
 |
| Henry Charles Howard |
Sir Edward Stafford Howard 
Lady Elizabeth Catherine
Howard m her cousin Henry Howard Lord
Carnarvon
2. Henrietta
Anna Molyneux-Howard (17 July 1804 – 26 May 1876), wife of Henry Herbert, 3rd Earl
of Carnarvon
Henry
Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, KP, PC, DL, FRS, FSA (24 June 1831 – 29 June 1890), known
as Lord Porchester from 1833 to 1849, was a British politician
and a leading member of the Conservative
Party. He was twice Secretary
of State for the Colonies and also served as Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland.
In 1830,
Lord Carnarvon married Henrietta Anna Howard-Molyneux-Howard (died 1876),
eldest daughter of Lord Henry Thomas
Howard-Molyneux-Howard (younger
brother of Bernard Howard, 12th
Duke of Norfolk), by
whom he had three sons and two daughters:
·
Henry Herbert, 4th Earl
of Carnarvon (1831–1890), a prominent Conservative politician.
·
Lady Eveline Alicia Juliana Howard Herbert (1834–1906), who
married Isaac Wallop, 5th Earl
of Portsmouth. Her memorial stained-glass window survives in Brushford Church
in Somerset, near her father's mansion at Pixton Park.
·
The Hon. Alan Percy Harty Molyneux Howard Herbert
(1836–1907), a physician who was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government in 1871
for his service as a doctor during the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, and remained
there as the physician in charge of the Hertford Hospital until 1901. He
inherited the estate of Tetton (a former Acland property) from his first cousin
Edward Henry Charles Herbert (1837–1870), only son of Edward Charles Hugh
Herbert (1802–1852) of Tetton, MP for Callington, second son of Henry Herbert,
2nd Earl of Carnarvon, husband of the heiress Kitty Acland.
·
Hon. Auberon Edward William Molyneux Howard Herbert (1838–1906),
a writer, theorist, philosopher, and individualist, a MP for Nottingham 1870–1874.
·
Lady Gwendolen Ondine Herbert (1842–1915), died unmarried
Henry Howard 4th Lord Carnarvon
Lady
Winifred Anne Henrietta Christiana Herbert
George
Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert
Lady
Margaret Leonora Evelyn Selina Herbert
Victoria
Alexandrina Mary Cecil Herbert
Evelyn
died in 1875, and he then married his cousin Elizabeth Catherine Howard.
In 1866 Carnarvon was
sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Secretary
of State for the Colonies by Derby. In 1867 he introduced the British
North America Act, which conferred self-government on Canada,
and created a federation.
Later that year, he resigned (along with Lord Cranborne and Jonathan Peel)
in protest against Benjamin Disraeli's Reform Bill to
enfranchise the working classes.
In the same
year, he set in motion plans to impose a system of confederation on the various states of Southern
Africa. The situation in southern Africa was complicated, not least in that
several of its states were still independent and so required military conquest
before being confederated. The confederation plan was also highly unpopular
among ordinary southern Africans. The Prime Minister of the Cape
Colony (by far the
largest and most influential state in southern Africa) firmly rejected
confederation under Britain, saying that it was not a model that was applicable
to the diverse region, and that conflict would result from outside involvement
in southern Africa at a time when state relations were particularly sensitive. The
liberal Cape government also objected to the plan for ideological concerns; Its
formal response, conveyed to London via Sir Henry
Barkly, had been that
any federation with the illiberal Boer republics would compromise the rights
and franchise of the Cape's Black citizens, and was therefore
unacceptable. Other regional governments refused even to discuss the idea.
Overall, the opinion of the
governments of the Cape and its neighbours was that "the proposals for
confederation should emanate from the communities to be affected, and not be
pressed upon them from outside."
Lord
Carnarvon believed that the continued existence of independent African states
posed an ever-present threat of a "general and simultaneous rising of
Kaffirdom against white civilization".[7] He thus decided to force the pace,
"endeavouring to give South Africa not what it wanted, but what he
considered it ought to want."
He sent
administrators, such as Theophilus Shepstone and Bartle
Frere, to southern
Africa to implement his system of confederation. Shepstone invaded and annexed
the Transvaal in 1877, while Bartle Frere, as the new High Commissioner, led
imperial troops against the last independent Xhosa in the 9th
Frontier War. Carnarvon
then used the rising unrest to suspend the Natal constitution, while Bartle
Frere overthrew the elected Cape government, and then moved to invade the
independent Zulu Kingdom.
However the
confederation scheme collapsed as predicted, leaving a trail of wars across
Southern Africa. Humiliating defeats also followed at Isandlwana and Majuba
Hill. Of the resultant
wars, the disastrous invasion
of Zululand ended
in annexation, but the first
Anglo-Boer War of
1880 had even more far-reaching consequences for the subcontinent. Francis Reginald Statham, editor of The Natal Witness in the 1870s, famously summed up
the local reaction to Carnarvon's plan for the region:
“
|
He (Carnarvon)
thought it no harm to adopt this machinery (Canadian Confederation System)
just as it stood, even down to the numbering and arrangement of the sections
and sub-sections, and present it to the astonished South Africans as a god to
go before them.
It was as if your tailor should say —
"Here is a coat; I did not make it, but I stole it ready-made out of a
railway cloak-room, I don't know whether you want a coat or not; but you will
be kind enough to put this on, and fit yourself to it. If it should happen to
be too long in the sleeves, or ridiculously short in the back, I may be able
to shift a button a few inches, and I am at least unalterably determined that
my name shall be stamped on the loop you hang it up by.
|
”
|
The
confederation idea was dropped when Carnarvon resigned in 1878, in opposition
to Disraeli's policy on the Eastern
Question, but the
bitter conflicts caused by Carnarvon's policy continued, culminating eventually
in the Anglo-Boer War and the ongoing divisions in South
African society.
Lord
Carnarvon married twice:
Firstly in 1861 to Lady Evelyn Stanhope (1834–1875), a daughter
of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield and Anne Stanhope, Countess
of Chesterfield, by whom he had one son and three daughters:
George Herbert, 5th
Earl of Carnarvon (1866–1923), eldest son and heir, the financial backer of
the excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun;
Captain Byng’s g.g uncle was Admiral John Byng,
executed
Lady Margaret Herbert, who married George Herbert Duckworth, a notable civil servant and
half-brother of the novelist Virginia Woolf and of the
artist Vanessa Bell.
Secondly, in 1878, he married his first cousin Elizabeth
Catherine Howard (1857–1929), a daughter of Henry Howard of Greystoke Castle, near Penrith, Cumberland (brother of
Henrietta Anna Molyneux-Howard (1804–1876), wife of Henry Herbert, 3rd Earl of Carnarvon), a son of Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard, younger brother
of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk.
Elizabeth Howard's brother was Esmé Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith. By his second
wife he had two further sons:
Hon. Mervyn Robert
Howard Molyneux Herbert (1882–1929), of Tetton, Kingston St Mary, Somerset, third son (second son by
second wife), a diplomat and cricketer. Tetton was a former Acland property
bequeathed to him by his father.
Aubrey Nigel Henry Molyneux Herbert (1880 – 26 September 1923) was
a British diplomat, traveller and intelligence officer associated with Albanian
independence. Twice he was offered the throne of Albania. From 1911 until his
death he was a Conservative Member of Parliament.
Aubrey Herbert was the second son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of
Carnarvon, a wealthy landowner, British cabinet minister and Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland and his second wife, Elizabeth Howard of Greystoke Castle, Cumberland,
sister of Esme Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith. He was a half-brother to
George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, the famous Egyptologist who
co-discovered King Tutankhamen's tomb along with Howard Carter. He was
afflicted with eye problems which left him nearly blind from early childhood,
losing all his sight towards the end of his life.
Herbert was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford
University, where he obtained a first class degree in modern history. He was
famous for climbing the roofs of the university buildings, despite his near
blindness. He numbered among his friends Adrian Carton De Wiart, Raymond
Asquith, John Buchan and Hilaire Belloc. Reginald Farrer remained close
throughout his life.
His friendship with Middle Eastern traveller and advisor Sir Mark Sykes
dates from his entry into parliament in 1911 when, with George Lloyd, they were
the three youngest Conservative MPs. They shared an interest in foreign policy
and worked closely together in the Arab Bureau (1916). Herbert was also a close
friend of T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia); their letters do not feature in
the standard Lawrence collections,[1] but are quoted by
Margaret Fitzherbert in the biography of her grandfather, The Man Who
Was Greenmantle.
Languages and travels
Herbert was in his own right a considerable Orientalist, and a linguist
who spoke French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabic, Greek and Albanian as well
as English.
A renowned traveller, especially in the Middle East, his trips include
voyages through Japan, Yemen, Anatolia and Albania. During the period 1902-04
he was an honorary attache in Tokyo, then in Constantinople during 1904-05. He
was much more interested in the Middle East than in the Far East.
Herbert often dressed as a tramp on his travels.
He became a passionate advocate of Albanian independence, having
visited the country in 1907, 1911 and 1913. During a stay in Tirana (1913) he
befriended Essad Pasha. When the Albanian delegates to the 1912–13 London
Balkan Peace Conference arrived, they secured the assistance of Herbert as an
advisor. He was very active in their cause and is regarded as having a
considerable influence on Albania's obtaining independence in the resulting
Treaty of London (1913). One of his constant correspondents on Albania was
Edith Durham.
He was twice offered the throne of Albania. On the first
occasion, just before World War I, he was interested, but was dissuaded by the
then prime minister, Herbert Asquith, a family friend. The offer remained
unofficial and was rejected by the Foreign Office. The Albanian crown went to
William of Wied.
The second occasion the crown was offered was after the defeat
of the Italian Army by the Albanians in September 1920. Again the offer was
unofficial, though it was made on behalf of the Albanian government. Herbert
discussed the offer with Philip Kerr and Maurice Hankey, pursuing the idea of
perhaps acting under the banner of the League of Nations; Eric Drummond, a
friend of Herbert, had become its first Secretary General, and lobbying by
Herbert led to the acceptance of Albania as a member in the League of Nations
in December 1920. With a change of Foreign Minister in the Albanian government
Herbert's chance of a crown greatly diminished. The crown was then (April
1921), still more unofficially, offered to the Duke of Atholl by Jim Barnes of
the British Friends of Albania residing in Italy. The National Library of
Albania in Tirana was once named after Herbert, as was a village in the
country.
He was a very independent Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for the
Southern division of Somerset from 1911 to 1918, and for Yeovil from 1918 to
his death. Always an advocate of the rights of smaller nations, Herbert opposed
the British Government's Irish policy. Herbert was, however, always seen as
something of a lightweight in the House of Commons.
Despite very poor eyesight, Herbert was able, at the outbreak of World
War I in 1914, to join the Irish Guards, in which he served in a supernumerary
position. He did this by purchasing a uniform and boarding a troopship bound
for France. During the Battle of Mons he was wounded, taken prisoner, and
escaped. After a convalescence in England and unable to rejoin due to his
ocular disability, Aubrey was proposed for service in military intelligence in
Egypt by Kitchener's military secretary Oswald FitzGerald via Mark Sykes (see
Baghdad Railway). Herbert was attached to the Intelligence Bureau in Caïro
under Colonel Clayton in January 1915. In mid-February he was sent on an
intelligence gathering mission in the Eastern Mediterranean aboard the
cruiser Bacchante.
When the Gallipoli Campaign started, General Alexander Godley, formerly
of the Irish Guards and second in command to General Birdwood of the Australian
and New Zealand Army Corps, now commanding the New Zealanders, offered him an
appointment as liaison officer and interpreter on the General's staff. His
pre-war contacts (a.o. Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı) and ability to speak Turkish were
to prove useful. He became famous for arranging a truce of eight hours, on Whit
Monday, 24 May, with the Turkish commander Mustafa Kemal, for the purpose of
burying the dead. (This episode appears, with him as "the Honourable
Herbert", in Louis de Bernières's novel Birds Without Wings In
Eastern Mediterranean Intelligence he worked together with Compton Mackenzie.
In October 1915, on sick leave in England, Herbert carried with him a
memorandum[7] from the Arab Bureau from Colonel Clayton to the
Foreign Office explaining the situation in the Middle East. In November, the
memorandum, at first favourably received, became obsolete after the visit of
François Georges-Picot and his subsequent negotiations with Mark Sykes. It
would appear that the Arab Bureau, however, continued working along the lines
of the memorandum which led to contrary promises resulting in
accusations of bad faith.
In November 1915 Herbert was in Paris and Rome on a secret mission
related to Albania. Following the plan to evacuate Anzac Cove beginning the
following month, he volunteered to return to Anzac to stay with the rear guard,
convinced that his knowledge of language and his network of acquaintances would
greatly benefit that body if captured. The successful evacuation of Anzac and
Suvla Bay on 20 December and the good prospects for Cape Helles countered his
proposal.
1916
Impatient with the indecision of the Foreign Office over Albania, at the
start of 1916 Herbert went prospecting for new opportunities. Admiral Sir
Rosslyn Wemyss proposed a job for him as Captain in Intelligence.
When in February the War Office cleared him from involvement in Albania,
he took up the offer and found himself in charge of Naval intelligence in
Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and the Gulf.
Following the critical situation of British troops at
Kut-al-Amara, the War Office was instructed to offer Herbert's services to
General Townshend to negotiate terms with the Turks. T. E. Lawrence was sent on
behalf of the Arab Bureau while Colonel Beach acted for Intelligence of the
Indian Expeditionary Force. Together they were to oversee the exchange of
prisoners and wounded, and eventually to offer the commander Khalil Pasha up to
₤2 million for the relief of Kut. The offer was rejected by Enver Pasha, and
the evacuation of the wounded severely hampered through lack of transport.
The situation at Kut led Aubrey to send a telegram to Austen
Chamberlain, Secretary of State for India, with the support of General Lake but
still in breach of army regulations, condemning incompetence in the handling of
the Mesopotamian campaign. The Government of India ordered a court martial but
the War Office refused. Admiral Wemyss, who travelled to Simla for the purpose,
supported him throughout.
Back in England in July 1916, Aubrey Herbert started asking in
the House of Commons for a Royal Commission to inquire into the conduct of the
Mesopotamian campaign. He opposed the routine evasiveness of the Prime
Minister, Asquith (a close friend), by speaking in the House four times on
Mesopotamia, and his critics saw in his obstinacy a personal vendetta[10] against
Sir Beauchamp Duff, the Commander-in-Chief in India, and Sir William Meyer, the
Financial Secretary.,[9] but his persistence paid off, and a
Special Commission Mesopotamia was subsequently appointed.
In October 1916 Aubrey Herbert started his post as a liaison officer
with the Italian army, whose frontline lay in Albania. It seems that he was
unaware of the clause partitioning Albania signed with Italy in the secret
Treaty of London on 26 April 1915. When the Bolsheviks published its secret
provisions in 1917, he rejected the idea of Albania as merely a small Muslim
state, the fiefdom he believed of Essad Pasha. In December he was back in
England.
In December 1916 also he learned of the death of his cousin Bron, the
son of his (pacifist) uncle Auberon Herbert, to whom he had felt closest. From
that date Aubrey was to consistently support the idea of negotiated peace.
1917 saw him working, under General MacDonogh, the Director of
Military Intelligence, on plans for a separate peace with Turkey. On 16 July he
conducted a series of meetings with the Turks in Geneva, Interlaken and Bern,
among them a (secret) representative of an influential anti-Enver group.[12] It
should be noted that Mustafa Kemal, whom Aubrey knew from Gallipoli, had fallen
out with Enver Pasha over the way that - by personal order of the Sultan - his
command over the Seventh Army opposite Allenby in Syria had been bestowed on
him on 5 July (he had been a Staff Captain with the Fifth Army in Damascus in
1905).[13] Aubrey took his notes to the Inter-Allied Conference
in Paris. In a memorandum for the Foreign Office he said "If we get the
luggage it does not matter very much if the Turks get the labels. When Lord
Kitchener was all-powerful in Egypt his secretary was wearing a fez.
Mesopotamia and Palestine are worth a fez."
In November 1917 Aubrey Herbert was again sent to Italy under the orders
of General Macdonogh. Now he was in charge of the British Adriatic Mission,[15] with
Samuel Hoare coordinating the Mission's special intelligence in Rome. An
earlier proposal by "Vatra", The Pan Albanian Federation of America,
of raising an Albanian regiment under Aubrey's command had been renewed. The
matter was a contentious one for the Italians, as "Vatra" became
increasingly anti-Italian. On 17 July 1918 the proposal was formally approved
in Boston, and the Italian Consulate accepted, provided it became a unit in the
Italian Army. The end of the war prevented the issue from growing more complex.
Herbert ended the war as head of the British mission to the Italian army
in Albania with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
Unclear policy led to nationalist criticism from Imperial bases such as
Egypt (see Saad Zaghlul, 1919) at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, nor was the
resulting political handling cause for much optimism to privileged witnesses
such as Aubrey, T. E. Lawrence or Gertrude Bell.
At the Conference there was a glimpse of further prospect for Aubrey
Herbert when the Italian delegates proposed to assume shared responsibility over
the Caucasus, an area of vital strategic importance- the Baku oilfields, access
from the north to Mosul and Kirkuk. By May 1919, the proposal appeared to be
quite empty.
By May 1919 also, the Directorate of Intelligence had changed hands, on
the authority of Lord Curzon (acting Foreign Secretary while Arthur Balfour was
negotiating in Paris) from Aubrey's chief General MacDonogh to Sir Basil
Thomson of Scotland Yard Special Branch i.e. from military to civilian in view
of the Bolshevik threat on the home front. Thus it was possible for Aubrey in
February 1921 to amaze a friend he could confide to, Lord Robert Cecil, that he
was going abroad as an inspector of Scotland Yard: he went to Berlin to
interview Talaat Pasha for intelligence.
Aubrey Herbert married Mary, daughter of the 4th Viscount de Vesci, a
member of the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Lord de Vesci and his wife had
converted to Roman Catholicism and raised their children accordingly. Herbert's
mother-in-law gave the family a fine house in London. Herbert's mother gave him
both a country estate at Pixton Park in Somerset with 5,000 acres (20 km²)
of land and a substantial villa on the Gulf of Genoa at Portofino.
Aubrey and Mary Herbert had four children, a son named Auberon who died
unmarried and three daughters, Gabriel Mary, Bridget, and Laura, the last of
whom married the novelist Evelyn Waugh. Waugh featured the Herberts' Italian
villa in his war trilogy Sword of Honour, although he moved it to
an imaginary location on the Bay of Naples. Herbert was thus the grandfather of
the journalist Auberon Waugh (who was named after Herbert's own son) and the
great-grandfather of Daisy and Alexander Waugh.
Herbert was a slim man of more than average height and contemporaries
described him as having perfect manners. Towards the end of his life, he became
totally blind. He was given very bad advice to the effect that having all his
teeth extracted would restore his sight. The dental operation resulted in blood
poisoning from which he died in London on 26 September 1923. Herbert's estate
was probated in 1924 at 49,970 pounds sterling. His son Auberon inherited the
Pixton Park and Portofino properties.
It is widely believed that Herbert is the inspiration for the character
Sandy Arbuthnot, a hero in several John Buchan novels. The series starts
with The Thirty-Nine Steps, but Arbuthnot's first appearance is
in Greenmantle, hence the title of his granddaughter's biography of
him, The Man Who Was Greenmantle. Herbert's Italian family villa is
the model for that in the Sword of Honour trilogy by his
son-in-law Evelyn Waugh.
The cameo character of the 'Honourable Herbert' in Louis de Bernières's
novel Birds Without Wings is clearly based on Herbert. He
appears as a British liaison officer with the ANZAC troops serving in the
Gallipoli campaign. A polyglot officer able to communicate with both sides, he
arranges the burial of the dead of both sides,
This was
Charlotte Carolyn Georgina Long who married Henry Howard in 1849.
3. Isabella
Catherine Mary Howard (29 September 1806 – 20 June 1891), wife of Charles Howard, 17th Earl of Suffolk
Suffolk was the son of Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, and the Hon.
Elizabeth Jane, daughter of James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne. He was the brother of Henry Thomas Howard and James Howard
In 1851 he succeeded his father as seventeenth Earl of Suffolk and
entered the House of Lords. Lord Suffolk married his kinswoman Isabella Catherine, daughter
of Lord Henry Thomas Howard-Molyneux-Howard (brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk), in 1829. They had seven children:
·
Henry Charles Howard, 18th Earl of
Suffolk (1833–1898)
·
Hon. Greville Theophilus Howard (22 December 1836 – 28 July
1880), married Lady Audrey Townshend, daughter of John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend and had
issue, a barrister
·
Lady Mary Charlotte Henrietta Howard, born 1840
·
Lt. Hon. Bernard Thomas Howard (21 August 1841 – 25 September
1868), Rifle Brigade
·
Lady Isabella Julia Elizabeth Howard (c 1843 – 8 October 1910),
married Francis Henry Atherley
·
Lady Victoria Margaret Louisa Howard, born 1843
·
Hon. Cecil Molyneux Howard (30 March 1849 – 28 April 1903),
married Amy Schuster, without issue
He died in
August 1876, aged 70, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son, Henry.
The Countess of Suffolk died in June 1891
4. Charlotte Juliana Jane Howard (February 1809 – 15 December 1855),
wife of James Wentworth Buller and mother of General Sir Redvers Henry Buller (1839-1908), V.C.
James Wentworth Buller (1 October 1798 – 13 March
1865) of Downes, Crediton, Devon, was a British Whig
Member of Parliament for Exeter, in Devon, from 1830 to 1835,
and for North Devon from 1857 to 1865.
He was the son of James
Buller (1766–1827), MP, of Downes, the grandson of James
Buller (1717-1765), MP.
He married Charlotte Juliana Jane
Howard-Molyneux-Howard, daughter of Lord Henry Thomas Howard-Molyneux-Howard and
Elizabeth Long, on 5 October 1831.
His children were:
· General Rt. Hon. Sir Redvers
Henry Buller (1839-1908), V.C.
· Arthur Tremayne Buller (b. 19
Mar 1850, d. 28 Jan 1917), father of the cricketer Eric Tremayne
Buller (d. 1973)
General Sir Redvers
Henry Buller, VC, GCB, GCMG (7
December 1839 – 2 June 1908) was a British
Army officer and a recipient of the Victoria
Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy
that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He
served as Commander-in-Chief
of British Forces in South Africa during the early months of the Second
Boer War and subsequently commanded the army in
Natal until his return to England in November 1900.
He then served in South Africa during
the 9th Cape Frontier War in
1878 and the Anglo-Zulu War of
1879. In the Zulu War he commanded the mounted infantry of the northern British
column under Sir Evelyn Wood. He fought at the
British defeat at the Battle
of Hlobane, where he was awarded the Victoria Cross for
bravery under fire. The following day he fought in the British victory at
the Battle of Kambula.
After the Zulu attacks on the British position were beaten off, he led a
ruthless pursuit by the mounted troops of the fleeing Zulus. In June 1879, he
again commanded mounted troops at the Battle
of Ulundi, a decisive British victory which effectively
ended the war.
5. Juliana Barbara Howard (31 March 1812 – 27 December 1833), wife
of Sir John Ogilvy, 9th Baronet
Sir
John Ogilvy, 9th Baronet (17 March 1803 – 9 March 1890) was a
Scottish Liberal Party politician
who was MP for Dundee from 1857 to 1874.
Ogilvy
married twice. On 7 July 1831 he married Juliana Barbara, the youngest daughter
of Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard, at St
George's Hanover Square. The
couple had two children before Lady Juliana's death on 27 December
1833 (aged 21):
·
Reginald Howard Alexander Ogilvy (1832–1910), 10th Baronet
·
Juliana Ogilvy, married Sir Nelson Rycroft, 4th Baronet
·
Ogilvy
remarried on 5 April 1836, to Jane Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, in Charlton, Wiltshire. The couple had five
children:
·
Henry Thomas Ogilvy (1837–1909), Barrister, known as Henry
Thomas Nisbet Hamilton Ogilvy after his marriage.
·
Charles William Norman Ogilvy (1839–1903), Rector of Hanbury, Worcestershire
·
Fanny Henrietta Ogilvy
·
Edith Isabel Ogilvy
·
Eveline Constance Maud Ogilvy
Lady Jane
Ogilvy died on 28 July 1861 (aged 52).
Thomas Hutton and Elizabeth Dutton were the parents of Charles Howard
who married Isabella Catherine Howard, the daughter of Lord Henry Thomas Howard
and Elizabeth Long
My his marriage to Jane Elizabeth Howard, Sir John Oglivy married his brother in law,
Charles Howard’s, sister.
She was the daughter of a plantation
owner on Jamaica
Lucius
Tucker of St Mary, Jamaica, whose will was proved in 1792. Married the niece of
Daniel Munro of Crescent estate in St Mary - Tucker's only child Frances Monro
Tucker was a trust beneficiary of a trust set in place in 1766 entitling her to
the profits of Crescent estate. No marriage for Lucius Tucker has been found.
Late of
Jamaica but now of Great Bruckhill [sic] in Buckinghamshire in 1766 when he was
guardian to James Gray Tucker and Henry William Tucker (shown in his will as
his brothers). He must have been absent from Jamaica between 1766 and 1770 when
Crescent estate appeared in the Accounts Produce. Lucius Tucker of Brickhill in
Buckinghamshire was the owner of unclaimed dividends in the 3 per cent consols
in 1783. Late of Jamaica but now living in Princes Street, Cavendish Square,
London, in 1787 when he wrote a codicil to his will. Burial of Lucius Tucker
07/06/1792 at St Marylebone.
His daughter Fanny Monro Tucker was
baptised in St Clement Danes, Middlesex, 17/05/1772, 'daughter of Lucius Tucker
Esq. and Fanny his Wife, niece of the late Daniel Monro of the Island of
Jamaica.' Frances Monro Tucker married Charles Beckford Long in Marylebone in
1795.
Sources
Will of
Lucius Tucker of St Mary Jamaica proved 27/06/1792, PROB 11/1220/189.
Their children were
Charles Edward Long um
Mary Henrietta Long M
John Knott
Caroline Elizabeth Long m
Charles Hope McLean (Barrister) and Herman Douglas
Robert Ballard Long um
Awarded the
compensation for the Crescent estate in St Mary Jamaica as owner-in-fee.
1.
Son
of Edward Long of Chichester. Baptised Chichester 04/06/1771. Matriculated
Christ Church Oxford 10/10/1789 aged 18, BA 1794, 'student until 1812', died
1836. Married Frances Monro Tucker St Marylebone 11/05/1795. Buried at Seal[e]
Surrey 18/05/1836 aged 64 of Worthing. His son and heir Charles Edward Long
(1796-1861) is in the DNB as 'genealogist and antiquarian', 'possessed of an
ample fortune', and left effects under £10,000 at his death.
2.
Will
of Charles Beckford Long of [Langley Hall] Hampstead Norris, Berkshire proved
07/06//1836. In the will made in 1825, after legacies of £100 each to his
brother Edward Beeston Long and the latter's son Henry Lawes Long, he left his
entire estate to his son Charles Edward Long. In a codicil also of 1825 he left
£100 each to his daughters Mary Henrietta and Caroline Elizabeth and son Robert
Ballard Long as a token of his affection, 'as they are already amply provided for.'
In further undated codicil he left £100 to Robert Sympson then residing at
Brussels, regretting his inability to leave him more owing to 'the deplorable
state of my affairs in Jamaica.'
Robert Ballard Long attended Cambridge
Adm. pens.
at CHRIST'S, July 6, 1824. [Youngest] s. of Charles Beckford [Christ Church,
Oxford, 1789, of Langley Hall, Berks.]. Matric. Michs. 1824.
Died in College, Dec. 24, 1827, aged 21. Brother of Charles E. (1815). (Peile,
II. 416; G. Mag., 1827, II. 646.)
Charles Edward Long (28 July 1796 – 25 September 1861), was an English genealogist and antiquary. Born at Benham Park, Berkshire, he was the elder and only surviving son of Charles Beckford
Long (d. 1836) of Langley Hall, Berkshire, and his wife, Frances Monro Tucker.
He was the grandson of Edward Long, the historian of Jamaica, a cousin of Charles Long, 1st Baron Farnborough, and nephew of General Robert
Ballard Long, his
father's twin. Long was educated at Harrow School (1810 – 1814) and at Trinity
College, Cambridge (1815
– 1819).[1] He won the Chancellor's
Gold Medal in July
1818 for English verse on the subject of imperial and papal Rome,[2] and graduated BA in 1819 and MA in 1822.
Returning
from a visit to Hamburg, Long died unmarried on 25 September
1861 at the Lord Warden Hotel, Dover.
He was buried in the churchyard at Seale, Surrey.
Possessed of an ample fortune, Long's devotion
to historical and genealogical studies were greatly facilitated by access to
the College of Heralds granted him by the Deputy Earl Marshal, Lord
Henry Thomas Molyneux Howard - his uncle by marriage. Long always
maintained a personal and scholarly interest in Harrow and in 1849 assisted
George Butler in his biographical notes of Harrow scholars. In 1860 he wrote
for the Harrow Gazette an article on the life of John Lyon, the founder of the
school. Descended from the Long family of Wiltshire,
he also took a considerable interest in the history of that county: he was an
earnest promoter of the Wiltshire Archaeological Society, and contributed to
its magazine. He was for many years a frequent correspondent of the Gentleman's
Magazine, and the leading antiquarian periodicals of
his day. In 1845 with the assistance of the Garter King of Arms, Sir Charles George Young,
Long compiled a volume called Royal descents: a genealogical list of
the several persons entitled to quarter the arms of the royal houses of England In
1859 from the original manuscript in the British
Museum, he edited for the Camden
Society, the Diary of the Marches of the Royal
Army during the Great Civil War, Kept by Richard Symonds.
He presented his Genealogical collections of Jamaica families, to
the British Museum. During 1857–9 he also gave to the museum many valuable
documents relating to Jamaica, also preserved in the British Library are his
letters to Joseph Hunter, extending from 1847
to 1859. Amongst many other of Long's publications, notable is his pamphlet of
1832 in which he defends the conduct of his uncle Robert Ballard Long during
the campaign of 1811; and also his 1824 volume Considerations on the
Game Laws, in which he offered an argument for regarding game as property,
thereby allowing its sale to become a legal transaction.
Accounts
Produce, Jamaica Archives 1B/11/4/7 p. 9 for Wakefield estate in St Ann. The
Names and descriptions of the proprietors of unclaimed dividends on bank stock,
and on the public funds, transferable at the Bank of England... (London,
1800) p. 237.
6. Robert
Ballard Long
Lieutenant-General Robert Ballard Long (4
April 1771 – 2 March 1825) was an officer of the British and Hanoverian
Armies who despite extensive service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic
Wars never managed to achieve high command due to his
abrasive manner with his superiors and his alleged tactical ineptitude.
Although he remained a cavalry commander in
the Peninsular War between
1811 and 1813, the British commander Wellington became
disillusioned with Long's abilities. Wellington's opinion was never expressed
directly, though when the Prince Regent manoeuvred his favourite, Colquhoun Grant into
replacing Long as a cavalry brigade commander, Wellington conspicuously made no
effort to retain Long. Other senior officers, including Sir William Beresford and
the Duke of Cumberland,
expressed their dissatisfaction with Long's abilities. The celebrated
historian, and Peninsula veteran, Sir William Napier was
a severe critic of Beresford's record as army commander during the Albuera
Campaign; in criticising Beresford he involved Long's opinions as part of his
argument. The publication of Napier's history led to a long running and
acrimonious argument in print between Beresford and his partisans on one side,
with Napier and Long's nephew Charles Edward Long (Long
having died before the controversy reached the public arena) on the
other. Recently, Long's performance as a cavalry general has received more
favourable comment in Ian Fletcher's revisionist account of the British cavalry
in the Napoleonic period.
Long was
born the elder of twin sons to Jamaican planter Edward Long and his wife Mary at Chichester in 1771. Long received a formal education, attending Dr Thomson's School in Kensington until age nine and then being sent to Harrow School until 18 in 1789. After three years at the University
of Göttingen studying
military theory, Long was commissioned into the 1st
King's Dragoon Guards as
a cornet in 1791. With the aid of his
family's substantial financial resources, Long had been promoted to captain by
November 1793 and served with his regiment in Flanders during the Duke of York's unsuccessful campaign there.[3] In the winter of 1794/95, Long had left his regiment and
was attached to the staff of General Sir George Don during the retreat into Germany and return to England.
Following
his arrival, Long spent time as aide-de-camp to General Sir
William Pitt who
commanded the defences of Portsmouth and the friendship between the two men served Long well in
his future career. By the middle of 1796 Long had again transferred however,
joining the Hanoverian Army first as a non-serving officer in the York Rangers and
then in command of the Hompesch Mounted Riflemen with a commission he purchased from Baron Hompesch himself for £2,000. This regiment was amongst those
dispatched under Sir John Moore in putting down the Irish
Rebellion of 1798, Long
serving in the town of Wexford.
At the
conclusion of the rebellion, Long served with the York Hussars,
another Hanoverian cavalry unit at Weymouth until the Peace of Amiens. Long spent the peace studying at the Senior Division of
the new Royal Military College at High Wycombe, where he became friends with its
lieutenant-governor John Le Marchant, and at the return of war joined the 16th
Light Dragoons as
a lieutenant
colonel, transferring
to the 15th
Light Dragoons in
1805 under the Duke of Cumberland. It was with this regiment that Long caused the first of his
many upsets, almost immediately falling out with his superior officer. The
situation deteriorated so much that the two both attempted to command the
regiment without consulting each other, resulting in years of arguments and
hostility between the two.[3] Part of the friction was due to Long's objection to
Cumberland's penchant for excessive corporal punishments, such as 'picketing.'
Long was
with the regiment for two years during which time it was remodelled as a hussar
formation. Eventually the name too changed, becoming the 15th
'King's' Light Dragoons (Hussars).[5] Long is mentioned frequently in the anonymously authored
book "Jottings from my Sabretasch." The author, a troop sergeant of
the 15th Light Dragoons, looked upon Long as a peerless commander. He ascribed
virtually all of the superiorities of organisation or training that he claimed
for his regiment, over the rest of the British cavalry, to Long's initiatives
when in command
In 1808 with
the dispatch of Sir John Moore's army to Spain, Long again applied for a
position and was welcomed by his former commander, who by the time of Long's
arrival was preparing to fight the desperate rearguard action of the Battle of Corunna amid the ruins of his campaign.
Long did not have a command during the battle but instead served on his
commander's staff, presumably being present at Moore's death. Returning to
England, Long was soon recruited for Lord Chatham's
disastrous Walcheren
Expedition as
adjutant-general. The campaign was an abject failure due to reconnaissance and
supply failures, heavy rain, strong French resistance and a devastating
epidemic of what was called at the time "ague," almost certainly malaria, which killed a large proportion of the men garrisoning the
town of Flushing (Vlissingen).
William Carr
Beresford
In 1810 Long
returned to active service joining Wellington's army in the Peninsula. He took
command of the cavalry (one British brigade, one Portuguese brigade and an
unbrigaded British regiment) of the army of Sir William Beresford during the operations surrounding the first Allied siege
of Badajoz. Long took command of the cavalry on 21 March 1811, a mere four days
before they were to see action. The cavalry clash at Campo
Mayor on 25 March
1811, was to become a very controversial action. Beresford considered that Long
had lost control of his light cavalry, which had pursued fleeing French cavalry
for up to seven miles until they came within range of the fortress guns
of Badajoz.
The
historian Charles
Oman later sided
with Beresford in calling the Campo
Mayor action
reckless, though without naming Long. Beresford also claimed that his
taking personal command of the heavy dragoons had prevented Long from ordering
them to attempt a suicidal charge against French infantry squares
. However, the army as whole felt differently and sided with the 13th
Light Dragoons who had pursued the French. The pursuit took place after the
13th had made an epic charge causing no less than six enemy squadrons to rout,
having only two and a half squadrons themselves. In contrast to Oman's opinion,
the historian Sir John Fortescue wrote, "Of the performance of Thirteenth, who did not
exceed two hundred men, in defeating twice or thrice their numbers
single-handed, it is difficult to speak too highly." Long was of the
opinion, and was subsequently supported in this by the historian Sir William Napier, that if Beresford had released the British brigade of heavy
dragoons he would have been able to force the whole French column to surrender.
This was the
start of the abrasive and acrimonious relationship between Beresford and Long.
At the subsequent clash at Los Santos (16 April 1811) Long managed to retain
the heavy dragoons under his command and inflicted a reverse on the French
cavalry, the French 2nd Hussars suffering considerable losses. On two
subsequent occasions, Long was ordered to withdraw from action without engaging
whilst still delaying the French through manoeuvre, though Long maintained that
he was given orders merely to fall back to a certain position, with no mention
being made about delaying the French advance. On each occasion Long withdrew
too quickly and gave the French time to respond, apparent failures which
frustrated Beresford enough to take advantage of Long's junior rank in relation
to allied Spanish cavalry generals to relieve Long of his command, on the day
of the Battle of
Albuera, and replace
him with the more senior general William Lumley. Long subsequently took an honourable part in the
battle, though under Lumley's command. Long also served under Lumley at
the Battle of
Usagre on 25 May
1811, when the British cavalry neatly trapped two regiments of French dragoons
at a bridge, inflicting severe casualties.
Long was
given command of a light cavalry brigade in June 1811, following his promotion
to major
general, these troops
were involved in a skirmish near Elvas, where a picket of around fifty men of
the 11th Light Dragoons was captured (only one man escaped). Wellington
was present on this occasion and gave Long a strongly worded reprimand which
effectively stalemated his career. Long's political friends were, however, too
strong at this stage to allow his recall from active service and therefore Long
maintained his brigade command. He commanded the cavalry under Sir Rowland Hill at Arroyo
dos Molinos, where a
whole French infantry division and several regiments of cavalry were trapped
and destroyed as fighting units. Long's cavalry charged and broke the French
cavalry and captured over 200 of them plus three pieces of artillery (General
Bron, commanding the French cavalry, and the Prince of Aremberg, commander of
the 27th Chasseurs, were also captured).
Long
commanded a brigade (consisting of a single regiment - the 13th Light Dragoons)
at the Battle of
Vitoria in
1813. He fought at the Battle of
the Pyrenees later
in the same year. When Marshal Soult's large-scale attack across the
Pyrenees was launched, on 25 July 1813, it caught Wellington's forces off guard
and in an extended state. Long's brigade was acting as the vital link between
the two main bodies of Anglo-allied troops. It was in this situation that Long
performed the most important service in his active military career.
General Lowry Cole sent a dispatch to Wellington to
say that a French army of about 35,000 men had forced him from his defensive
position and that he was falling back. The dispatch came into Long's hands and
he, upon his own initiative, opened it and made a copy to be sent to his
immediate superior Sir Rowland Hill. Hill then forwarded the dispatch to
Wellington who had recently moved his headquarters. The original copy of the
dispatch went to the location Wellington's previous headquarters and did not
reach him that evening. Long's intelligent actions allowed Wellington time to
react to Soult's movements; had any appreciable delay occurred before
Wellington became appraised of the situation the results could have been disastrous
for the allied army.
Memorial in St
Laurence Church, Seale
Long's final
action was in the Siege of
Pamplona, after which
he was recalled by the Duke of York to
England with Wellington's agreement. Long corresponded with Wellington, who
assured him that Long's recall was not at his request. Long strongly suspected
that the Prince Regent had engineered his recall to vacate the command of his
brigade so that Colquhoun Grant (commonly known as "The Black Giant"), the
Prince's favourite, could be made its commander. Grant was also an intimate of
the Duke of Cumberland which must have caused Long further displeasure. Long
refused the proffered posting as a divisional commander in Scotland and
scornfully retired to his estate at Barnes
Terrace, Surrey.
As an
officer on the general list, Long was promoted in retirement; he was promoted
to lieutenant
general in 1821.
Royal recognition was not forthcoming however after his public feuds with two
royal princes, and Long was not knighted or offered a title, unlike many of his
contemporaries. He died childless in 1825 at his London house in Berkeley Square and was buried in the family crypt at Seale, Surrey.
After his
death, his nephew Charles Long, a notable scholar and historian, wrote several
pamphlets defending his uncle's reputation and attacking his enemies,
especially Beresford; exchanges of pamphlets and letters between Charles Long
and his uncle's opponents continued through the 1830s.
Robert Long
was a conscientious and brave officer, whose reputation suffered as a result of
certain character flaws. If his record as a cavalry general was chequered he,
nevertheless, contributed substantially to a number of victories, including Los
Santos, Usagre and Arroyo dos Molinos. It is to be regretted that he is chiefly
remembered for the long-running acrimony generated by the action at Campo
Mayor.
To his
subordinates he appears to have been a popular and respected figure;
characteristically he refused to allow Wellington's censure of the 13th Light
Dragoons, following Campo Mayor, to be entered in the regiment's official
record. From the rank-and-file he gained the affectionate appellation
"Bobby Long."
The officers
and men of the 13th Light Dragoons repaid his regard for them when they
voluntarily subscribed to the purchase of a set of silver plate for Long when
he was replaced in command of his brigade.
Unfortunately,
Long could not, it seems, avoid entering into vituperative conflicts with his
superiors. When the men he made personal enemies of included royal princes
(both later to become kings) and a field marshal (albeit in the Portuguese
service) Long's career and reputation were bound to be adversely affected. An
example of the less attractive side of Long's character is the manner in which
he operated a campaign of irritation against Beresford after Campo Mayor. Long
harassed Beresford by requesting clarification, to the minutest degree, of
virtually every order he was given. Long did not seem to recognise that there
were conflicts he had no hope of winning. Beresford was the superior officer
with all the advantage of power within the relationship. Long's campaign
backfired badly when Beresford, as soon as opportunity allowed, replaced him as
the commander of the cavalry.
Long was a
regular letter writer, particularly to his twin brother Charles. The lively
letters he wrote whilst on campaign in the Peninsular
War were
collected, edited and published in 1951. They provide a valuable insight into
the workings of Wellington's army, particularly the cavalry.[1]
West Surry Times
16 October 1869
The
Parish of Seale
..............There
is now also a north transept, which was erected by and forms a chapel and
mausoleum of the Long family. The
chancel, which is divided from the nave by a pointed arch, is very plain. The communion portion is divided by a simple
oaken railing and it contains merely a table covered with a crimson cloth and
two chairs. The east window is of three
lights, with circular heading. The
appearance of the church would be much improved if this window ere of stained
glass; and I was pleased to learn that there is some prospect of this being shortly
accomplished. On the south side of the
chancel is a small lancet window of stained glass. Adjoining this a two light
memorial window was placed by some member of the Long family in the year
1840. The window is coloured
artistically; but as every pane bears the same monogram, the effect is heavily
monotonous. The transept is fitted with
massive oaken pews, old orthodox height and snug seclusion.
The
north wall contains a handsome pointed arched window embellished with the arms
of the Long family executed in coloured glass.
On the
east side of the transept is a small mortuary chapel, in which rest the remains
of various members of the house of Hampton Lodge. On the wall of the chapel a beautiful marble
monument commemorates Edward Noel Long, an officer in the Coldstream Guards,
the eldest son of Edward Beeston Long, who perished off Cape St. Vincent on his
passage to Spain, at the early age of 21.
This
young officer was the early friend of Lord Byson, and is the Cleon of the
“Childish Recollections” in the poet’s “Hours of Idleness.” Byron’s beautiful reference to him, is
inscribed on the monument:-
Now
lost but nearest of the social band,
See
honest, open, generous Cleon stand
With
scarce one spect to cloud the pleading scone,
No
vice degrades that purest soul serene.......................
On the
west wall of the transept a substantial monument is erected to the memory of
Lieut-General Robert Ballard Long, who “served his country unremittingly in the
Netherlands and Holland, under the Duke of York. In Ireland during the unhappy disturbances. At the capture of Walcheren, where he was
Adjutant-General of the Forces, and in Spain and Portugal, where he was present
at the battle of Corunna, and held a high command in the glorious conflicts of
Albuers and Victoria.” Born April 4
1771, died March 2, 1826....
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